Uko Guhinga Ibigori Bivanze n’ Ibindi Bihingwa Bifasha Kongera Umusaruro – Inama Ku Bahinzi

Mu bihugu byinshi bya Afurika, guhinga ibigori bivanze n’ibihingwa by’ibinyamisogwe nka soya, ibishyimbo, Karoti, cyangwa ibindi, ni uburyo bukoreshwa cyane kubera inyungu zitandukanye butanga. Ibi bihingwa bivanze bigira akamaro kanini mu kurinda ibigori no kubyongerera umusaruro.

Ibigori bizwiho gukenera intungamubiri nyinshi mu butaka, bityo bigomba guhingwa ku butaka bukize cyangwa bukaba bukeneye ifumbire nyinshi, Guhinga ibigori bivanze n’ibinyamisogwe bitanga amahirwe yo kwirinda isuri, kwongera intungamubiri mu butaka, no kugabanya inyamanswa zangiza imyaka.

Ibinyamisogwe byiza byo kuvanga n’ibigori ahantu henshi hatansukanye harimo: Ibishyimbo, Amashaza (Pigeon peas), Amashaza mato (Cowpeas), Ubunyobwa (Groundnuts) na Soya

Hari n’ibindi bihingwa byageragejwe kandi nabyo bitanga umusaruro uhagije, muribyo harimo: Ibirayi, Imyumbati n’ Ibihaza

Guhinga ibigori bivanze n’ibihingwa by’ibinyamisogwe bifasha kugabanya ibyonnyi nka leafhopper, leaf beetles ndetse n’inyamanswa zangiza igihingwa imbere nk’ibiguruka bizwi nka stalk borer, tutibagiwe kandi n’ inyoni zangiza ibigori (fall armyworm).

Guhinga ibigori bivanze n’ibihingwa n’ibihaza cyangwa ibishyimbo bizamura cyane ingano y’umusaruro kurusha kubihinga ukwabyo.

Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko guhinga ibigori bivanze n’ibihaza n’ibishyimbo bituma umusaruro w’ibigori wiyongera kugera ku kigero cya 50% ugereranyije no kubihinga ukwabyo. Nubwo umusaruro w’ibishyimbo n’ibihaza uba wagabanutseho gato, umusaruro rusange w’ibi bihingwa uko ari bitatu uba urenze iyo biba byahinzwe ukwabyo.

Hari ibihingwa byihariye byafashwe nk’ibihingwafatanyabikorwa tugereranyije mu Kinyarwanda naho mu ndimi z’amahanga bikaba byitwa (companion plants) kuko ibi bihingwa birinda ibigori n’izindi mbuto muri rusange.

Ibi bihingwa twavugamo: Desmodium (Desmodium uncinatum): Iki gihingwa gihingwa hagati y’imirongo y’ibigori kugira ngo kirwanye ibyonnyi nk’utundi dusimba tuba mu mirizo y’ibigori (stem borer moths) ndetse kikanaca uburozi bwa Striga hermonthica, indwara iterwa n’ibimera by’umwangiriza.

Harimo kandi n’ Imyunyu ya Napier n’iy’umuceri wa Sudan (Sudan Grass) Ibi bihingwa nabyo bikaba bishimwa cyane mu kurinda ibyonnyi n’indwara. Napier ikoresha uburyo bwo kwiremera urumuri rw’amavuta imbere mu mikamba yayo, bigatuma ibyonnyi bidashobora gukura cyangwa kwangiza igihingwa. Sudan grass nayo ifasha mu gukurura umusaruro w’imibereho y’inzoka cyangwa udusimba turwanya ibyonnyi.

Mu bice bifite izuba ryinshi, ibigori bishobora gukoreshwa nk’uburyo bwo gutanga igicucu ku bihingwa nk’imboga bigatuma umusaruro wazo wiyongera. Byongeye kandi, ibigori bishobora kuba umusingi wo gufasha ibishyimbo bigira imizi miremire nk’ibyo koherezwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga cyangwa ku isoko ryo mu gihugu imbere.

Ubu buryo bwo guhinga ibigori bivanze n’ibindi bihingwa ni ingamba y’ingenzi y’iterambere ry’ubuhinzi muri Afurika. Bifasha guteza imbere ubuhinzi burambye, kurinda ibidukikije, no kongera umusaruro mu buryo bworoshye kandi budasaba igishoro kinini.

Umwanditsi: Bertrand Munyazikwiye