Burya abagore ntibakwiye kubyara bagaramye kandi hambere si ko babyaraga, dore uko byahinduwe n’abagabo

Ubundi biteje ibyago kurushaho ko umugore abyara aryamye agaramye, none se kuki ari ko benshi babyara?

Byatewe ahanini n’Umufaransa umwe wabonye ko byoroshye – ku bagabo.

Mu myaka ibihumbi ishize, hirya no hino ku isi, abagore bakundaga kubyara bahagaze cyangwa bicaye mu buryo butuma umubiri uba ugororotse – baba bapfukamye nk’uko bivugwa kuri Cleopatra, bakoresheje udutebe twagenewe kubyariraho cyangwa bakicara basutamye.

Mu by’ukuri, kwicara usutamye bishobora kongera ubunini bw’aho umwana anyura muri nyababyeyi nibura kuri santimetero 2.5, kandi imbaraga za rukurizi zigatuma no kumanuka kw’umwana byihuta bikanoroha.

None, kuki abagore benshi uyu munsi babyara bagaramye?

Janet Balaskas, washinze ikigo cyitwa Active Birth Centre mu Bwongereza kandi akaba yaranditse ibitabo byinshi bisobanura uko ababyeyi bashobora kugira uruhare mu buryo babyaramo, yagize ati:

“Hari ubujiji rusange mu banyamwuga ndetse no mu bagore batwite ku bijyanye n’uko kubyara bikorwa mu buryo busanzwe.”

Mu 1982, Balaskas yasohoye inyandiko yise “active birth manifesto”, yabaye ishingiro ry’ikigo cye.

Iyo nyandiko igira iti: “Hirya no hino ku isi, no mu myaka ibihumbi ishize, abagore babyaraga bisanzuye bari mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi butuma umubiri uba ugororotse cyangwa basutamye. Uko baba baturuka ku bwoko cyangwa umuco uwo ari wo wose… uburyo bwo kubyara uhagaze cyangwa wicaye ni bwo bwari busanzwe.”

Balaskas avuga ko abagore benshi bo mu bihugu byateye imbere nyuma yo kwaduka kw’inganda bajyanwa mu bitaro bakaryamishwa igihe babyara.

Ati: “Ubu buryo nta shingiro bufite, butuma kubyara birushaho kugorana no guhenda bitari ngombwa, bugahindura igikorwa gisanzwe kikaba nk’igikorwa cy’ubuvuzi, kandi umugore uri kubyara akaba umurwayi utagira icyo yifatira.”

Yongeraho ati: “Nta yandi moko y’ibinyabuzima akoresha uburyo bubi nk’ubwo mu gihe gikomeye nk’icyo.”

N’abandi bahanga barabyemera. Hannah Dahlen, umwarimu w’ububyaza muri Western Sydney University muri Australia, mu 2013 yanditse ko kubyarira uryamye ugaramye ari “ikintu kije vuba mu mateka”.

Gutwita ‘nk’uburwayi’

Mu myaka 300 kugeza kuri 400 ishize ni bwo abagore batangiye kubyara baryamiye umugongo (bagaramye). Ibyo babikesha Umufaransa witwa François Mauriceau.

Yavugaga ko kuryama gutyo byorohera umugore utwite kandi bikorohera umuganga w’umugabo umubyaza (muri icyo gihe hari hatangiye gukurwaho umuco wo gukoresha ababyaza b’abagore gusa, hagakoreshwa n’abagabo).

Mauriceau yabonaga gutwita nk’uburwayi.

Mu gitabo cye cyo mu 1668 cyitwa The Diseases of Women with Child and in Child-Bed, Mauriceau yanditse ati: “Icyiza kandi gifite umutekano ni uko umugore abyara ari ku gitanda, kugira ngo hirindwe ikibazo no kuvunika yakuramo nyuma.”

Ariko bamwe mu bashakashatsi bavuga ko impinduka y’ubu buryo bwo kubyara ishobora kuba yaratewe n’undi Mufaransa nawe wabayeho mu gihe kimwe na Mauriceau – Umwami Louis XIV.

Lauren Dundes, umwarimu mu bijyanye n’imibanire n’abandi (sociologie) muri McDaniel College muri Maryland muri Amerika, yanditse mu bushakashatsi bwe bwo mu 1987 ku mateka y’uburyo bwo kubyara.

Yagize ati: “Kubera ko bivugwa ko Louis XIV yakundaga kureba abagore babyara, yarakazwaga n’uko atabonaga neza uko bigenze igihe babyariraga ku ntebe zabugenewe, bityo ashyigikira uburyo bushya bwo kubyara baryamye bagaramye.”

Yongeyeho ati: “Ntawe uzi neza uko icyemezo cy’umwami cyagize ingaruka, ariko imyitwarire y’abami n’abanyacyubahiro igomba kuba yaragize ingaruka ku baturage. Kuba Louis XIV yarifuzaga izo mpinduka byahuriranye n’igihe uburyo bwo kubyara bwahindukaga, kandi bishobora kuba byarabigizemo uruhare.”

Tutitaye ku buryo kuryama umubyeyi agaramye byaje, ukuri ni uko bwakomeje gukoreshwa kandi bwagize ingaruka mbi ku buryo abagore babyaramo.

Janet Balaskas agira ati: “Kubyara byahindutse ikintu kiyoborwa n’ibigo by’ubuvuzi, ku rwego uburyo bwo kubyarira mu rugo – bushobora gufasha benshi bifuza kubyara mu buryo busanzwe – bugenda bucika.”

Byemejwe na siyanse

Impamvu nyamukuru abagore bamaze imyaka ibihumbi babyara bahagaze cyangwa bapfuamye ni imwe: rukurizi. Umwana agomba kunyura mu nzira yo kuvukiramo amanuka, kandi ingufu za rukuruzi zifasha cyane muri icyo gikorwa.

Byagaragaye ko iyo abagore baretswe ubwabo mu gihe cyo kubyara, akenshi bunama bagana imbere mu igihe babyara, ntibagana inyuma , bakaza gasutama, bakishingikiriza ku maboko n’amavi, cyangwa bakishingikiriza ku gikoresho gito nk’intebe.

Ubushakashatsi bwo mu 2013 bwarebye inyigo 25 zirimo abagore barenga 5,200, bwagaragaje ko abagore babyaye bahagaze cyangwa bapfukamye aho kuryama ku gitanda bagize inyungu nyinshi zirimo:

• Kugabanuka kw’ibyago byo kubagwa (Cesarienne),
• Ntibapfa gukoresha ikinya cya epidural
• No kugabanuka kw’ibyago ko impinja zabo zijyanwa mu ishami ryita ku bana bavukanye ibibazo

Ubwo bushakashatsi ariko bwavuze ko hagikenewe izindi nyigo ku bagore bafite ibyago byinshi byo kuhazaharira, kuko hari inyigo zimwe zagaragaje ko kubyara muri ziriya ‘positions’ bishobora kongera ingano y’amaraso asohoka.

Hannah Dahlen yagize ati: “Kujya ku bise uhagaze no kubyara uhagaze bifitiye akamaro umubyeyi n’umwana.”

Byagaragaye kandi ko kubyara uhagaze bigabanya igihe umugore amara ku bise.

Mu 2013, yanditse ko inyungu zirimo:

• Ibise biza neza kurushaho
• Kugabanuka kw’ububabare bw’umubyeyi
• Kugabanuka gukoresha ibindi bikoresho byifashishwa mugusohora umwana
• Kugabanuka ko kongerwa mu gihe ubyara (episiotomie)
• No gufasha umwana kubona umwuka uhagije mu nda ya nyina, kuko nyababyeyi iba idatsikamiye imitsi minini y’amaraso

Mu 2011, Dahlen na bagenzi be bakoze ubushakashatsi ku bagore babyaraga kugira ngo barebe niba aho babyarira hagira ingaruka ku buryo babyaramo.

Bagereranyije: ibigo byabugenewe byo kubyariramo, bifite imipira, intebe zo kubyariraho n’ibindi bikoresho, n’amavuriro asanzwe aho umugore abyararira gusa ku gitanda.

Basanze 82% by’abagore bari muri ibyo bigo byabugenewe barabyariye muri ‘position’ igororotse ukurikije uko aho babyarira hateguye, mu gihe mu mavuriro asanzwe ari 25% gusa.

Muri iki gihe, mu bihugu by’i Burayi n’Amerika, abantu benshi batangiye gusobanukirwa igitekerezo cya “active birth”, nk’uko Balaskas abivuga. Ubu buryo bushishikariza umugore kugendagenda no kwisanzura igihe abyara, agafata ‘position’ yumva imufasha cyangwa imworohera aho kuryama agaramye afatishijwe ku mashini n’ibikoresho byo kumukurikirana.

Amabwiriza y’Ikigo cy’Ubwongereza kitwa ‘National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (Nice) ‘ avuga ko abagore bari kubyara “bagomba kubuzwa kuryama ku mugongo cyangwa igice cy’umugongo mu gihe cya nyuma cyo kubyara, ahubwo bagashishikarizwa kwifata mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose bumva buboroheye.”

Nk’ibisanzwe, ubumenyi ni ingenzi. Iyo abagore basobanukiwe amahitamo bafite mu kubyara, barushaho kwisanzura mu guhitamo uburyo bubabereye.

Eileen Hutton, wahoze ari umubyaza akaba ubu yigisha muri McMaster University muri Canada, agira ati: “Kwigisha abantu ku mahitamo yo kubyara bizahora bifite akamaro.”

Yongeraho ati: “Iyo urebye uburyo kubyara byerekanwa mu bitabo, kuri televiziyo no muri filimi, uhita ubona ko akenshi bitagaragazwa uko biri. Gutanga andi makuru atanga ishusho nyayo byafasha cyane.”

Src:BBC