Urukingo rwa Malaria rwatangiye kugeragezwa mu Rwanda

Mu Rwanda hatangijwe igerageza ry’umuti uterwa mu rushinge ushobora kurinda umuntu malaria igihe kigera ku mezi atatu, bikaba byatanga ubundi buryo bwo guhangana n’iyi ndwara ikomeje kubangamira ubuzima bw’abaturage nubwo hari intambwe imaze guterwa mu kuyirwanya.

Umuti uri gukoreshwa witwa MMV371 urimo gutezwa imbere n’umuryango Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), ufatanyije n’ikigo nyarwanda cy’ubushakashatsi mu by’ubuzima, Rinda Ubuzima. Ku wa 2 Ugushyingo 2026, izi nzego zatangaje ko zatangije igerageza ryo mu cyiciro cya mbere, rizwi nka ‘Phase 1b’.

Ni ubwa mbere muri Afurika hakorewe igerageza ryo muri iki cyiciro ry’umuti uterwa ugamije kurinda malaria igihe kirekire. Rikurikira ubushakashatsi bwabanje gukorerwa mu Bwongereza, bwatanze amakuru yatumye hafatwa icyemezo cyo gukomeza kuwugerageza.

Ubushakashatsi buracyari mu ntangiriro. Intego nyamukuru ni ukumenya umutekano w’uyu muti, ingaruka ushobora kugira ku bawuhawe n’uko uguma mu mubiri. Igihe cy’amezi atatu uvugwaho ni ubushobozi abawukora bifuza kwemeza; ntiharamenyekana ku buryo bwa nyuma uko uzarinda abawuterwa malaria.

Ku Rwanda, agaciro k’iri gerageza gashingiye ku bibazo bibiri birimo gushaka ubundi buryo bwo kurinda abaturage indwara ikomeje kugaruka no kugira uruhare mu bushakashatsi bukorwa hakiri kare mu itegurwa ry’imiti.

Imibare igaragaza ko mu 2025/2026, malaria yari ku kigero cy’ubwandu cya 72 ku baturage 1.000, ivuye kuri 76 mu mwaka wabanje. Nubwo yagabanyutse, yari ikiri hejuru ya 45 ku baturage 1.000 byabaruwe mu 2023/2024.

Gahunda y’igerageza  iteganya abantu bagera kuri 80 bafite imyaka 12 kugeza kuri 50, bakazakurikiranwa na Rinda Ubuzima i Kigali. Abazitabira bazabanza kubyemera bamaze gusobanurirwa; ku batarageza imyaka y’ubukure hazakenerwa n’uruhushya rw’ababyeyi cyangwa ababashinzwe. Abatwite n’abonsa ntibazaryitabira.

Mu buryo bwateganyijwe, batatu kuri bane bazahabwa MMV371, undi ahabwe urushinge rutayirimo, rwitwa ‘placebo’. Abitabiriye n’abashakashatsi babakurikirana ntibazamenya uwahawe iki kugeza ubushakashatsi burangiye. Kugereranya aya matsinda bizafasha gutandukanya ingaruka z’umuti n’ibindi bishobora kuba ku bawuhawe.

Abazawuhabwa bazakurikiranwa ibyumweru 24 nyuma yo guterwa. Gahunda iteganya kurara ku kigo amajoro abiri no gusubirayo inshuro 15, hagapimwa umutekano wabo, ingano y’umuti mu mubiri ndetse na malaria.

Gupima ingano y’umuti mu maraso bizafasha kumenya niba uguma mu mubiri ku kigero gishobora kurinda umuntu igihe gihagije. 

Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Rinda Ubuzima, Marie Michele Umulisa, yavuze ko gukorera iri gerageza mu Rwanda bigaragaza akamaro k’ubufatanye butuma abashakashatsi bo muri Afurika bagira uruhare mu gushaka ibisubizo by’ibibazo by’ubuzima byugarije abaturage babo.

MMV371 iteganyijwe guterwa umuntu ikagenda irekura umuti buhoro buhoro. Iyo yinjiye mu mubiri ihindukamo ikinyabutabire cyitwa ‘atovaquone’, gisanzwe kiboneka mu muti wo mu binini witwa Malarone ukoreshwa mu kwirinda malaria.

Agashya rero kari mu buryo umuti uhabwa umuntu no mu gihe ushobora kumara ukora. Abashakashatsi bashaka ko kuwutera byatuma uguma mu mubiri igihe kirekire, bikagabanya inshuro umuntu akenera gufata imiti yo kwirinda malaria. 

Dr Joyce Eugénie, umuganga ku Kigo Nderabuzima cya Gatenga abona ko abantu batuye kure ya serivisi z’ubuzima bashobora kuba mu bakungukira cyane kuri ubu buryo.

Mu nyandiko iherekeza ubu bushakashatsi, yavuze ko hari abantu bivura batabanje kugana abaganga kubera ingorane zo kugera kuri serivisi. Asanga umuti urinda igihe kirekire ushobora kubafasha, igihe waba wemejwe kandi ukabageraho.

Uburemere bwa malaria abushingira no ku bo yavuraga. Yatanze urugero rw’umwana w’imyaka 14 wagejejwe kwa muganga afite malaria y’igikatu, umuryango we wabanje kumuvuza mu buryo bwa gakondo. Avuga ko uwo mwana yaje no kugira ibindi bibazo bikomeye by’ubuzima, ibyamusigiye isomo ku kamaro ko kwirinda no kwivuza hakiri kare.

Ikibazo cyo kuwugeza ku bawukeneye kiracyategereje ibisubizo. Dr Cristina Donini, ushinzwe ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’imiti muri MMV, yabwiye The Telegraph ko igiciro cyawo kitaramenyekana, ariko ko ubushobozi bw’abazawukenera bwo kuwugura buri mu byitabwaho mu kuwuteza imbere.