Urukundo rwa FDLR na FARDC ni amateka yisubira y’u Rwanda na RDC

Abadashobora kwibuka ibyahise no kwigira ku mateka, akenshi birangira bayasubiyemo cyangwa baguye mu wundi mutego usa n’uwabagushije mbere, nk’uko byagatutsweho n’umuhanga akaba n’umwanditsi w’ibitabo George Santayana (Jorge Agustín Nicolás Ruiz de Santayana y Borrás) ukomoka muri Esipanye.

Abenshi batunguwe n’umubano mushya wadutse hagati y’ingabo za Repubulika Iharanira Deokarasi ya Congo (FARDC) n’umutwe w’iterabwoba wa FDLR w’abarwanyi biganjemo abahunze u Rwanda nyuma yo gukora Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ariko abakurikira amateka si inkuru nshya kuri bo.

Amateka agaragaza ko umutwe wa FDLR washinzwe kandi uhabwa imbaraga n’abahoze mu ngabo za Leta ya Habyarima Juvenal (Forces Armées Rwandaises/FAR), bahungiye muri RDC [yitwaga Zaire] bamaze kugira uruhare rukomeye mu bwicanyi bw’abasaga miliyoni bazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.

Nubwo abari abarwanyi ba FAR bahungiye mu bihugu bitandukanye, irembo rigari ryabaye Zaire yari inshuti y’akadasohoka n’u Rwanda ikiyobowe na Mareshall Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu Wa Za Banga. Uyu muyobozi wari umwe mu bakomeye muri Afurika bivugwa ko yahaye inshuti ye Habyarimana Ingabo z’Abazayirwa zo kurwanya Ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi zayoboye urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda no guhagarika Jenoside yakorerwaga Abatutsi.

RDC nk’igihugu by’abaturanyi, ni yo yabaye amarembo magari y’ubuhungiro bw’abaturage, abasirikare n’abanyapolitiki bimakaje ingengabitekerezo ya “Hutu Power” izira icyitwa Umututsi wese abenshi muri bo bakaba baranagize uruhare rweruye mu bwicanyi bwabaye.

Nyuma yo kwakirwa muri icyo gihugu n’ivuka rya FDLR, umutekano warushijeho kuba mubi kubera izo nyeshyamba zarimo n’abahoze ari abasirikare babyigiye bakanabitorezwa igihe kinini haba mu Rwanda no mu bihugu by’i Burayi.

Bivugwa ko ubuyobozi bwa Laurent Desire Kabila bwakurikiye ubwa Mobutu butigeze bushyira imbaraga mu kurwanya FDLR n’indi mitwe yagendaga ivuka umusuribizo, uwo murage wagize ingaruka mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, ukomereza kuri Joseph Kabila.

Hari ubwo Ingabo za FARDC zajyaga zigaba ibitero ku nyeshyamba za FDLR mu myaka isaga 20 ishize ariko bigafata ubusa, cyane ko uwo mutwe ukoresha uburyo bwo kwirwanaho wivanga n’abaturage b’abasivili, bikagorana kubatandukanya.

Mu myaka ya 2010, ni bwo hongeye kuvugwa ubufatanye bw’ibanga bwa FARDC na FDLR mu gihe Leta ya RDC irembejwe n’inyeshyamba za M23 ziharanira ubwisanzure bw’Abanyekongo bavuga Ikinyarwanda by’umwihariko mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru.

Nk’uko bigaragara muri Raporo yatangajwe na ReliefWeb muri Mata 2014 bwiswe” Fighting an Invisible Enemy in DRC”, umushakashatsi Christoph Vogel wo muri Kaminuza ya Zurich yavuze ko ko mu myaka 10-15 yari ishize, FARDC irwanya FDLR bya nyirarureshywa, ubufatanye bukaba bwarongerewemo ikibatsi n’urugamba rwo kurwanya M23.

Vogel yagize ati: “Vuba aha, mu gihe FARDC igowe no kwikiza M23, ubufatanye bwayo na FDLR bwongeye gutumbagira, ariko ubwo bufatanye ntibugarukira aho kuko bunazanamo inyeshyamba za APCLS, Nyatura, Mai Mai n’indi mitwe yitwaje intwaro itavuga rumwe n’abarwanyi ba M23.”

Nyuma y’imyaka 8, FDLR yongeye kurambagizwa ngo irwanye M23

Amakuru aturuka mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru (Nord Kivu), aragaruka ku buryo inyeshyamba za M23 zimaze iminsi zijujubya Ingabo za FARDC by’umwihariko mu bice byo muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru bihana umupaka n’u Rwanda.

Ubuyobozi bwa FARDC bwumvikanye bushyira mu majwi u Rwanda nk’urwihishe inyuma y’imbaraga n’ubukana bya M23 ku rugamba, ibirego Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yateye utwatsi ahubwo isaba inzego zibishinzwe kugaragaza impamvu icyo gihugu cyongeye kurema ubushuti n’ibyihebe bihungabanya umutekano w’u Rwanda.

Ku wa Kane taliki ya 26 Gicurasi, Umuvugizi wa Guverinoma y’u Rwanda Yolande Makolo, yashimangiye ko u Rwanda rugerekwaho ibyo birego mu gihe rudafite inyungu na busa zo kwijandika mu bibazo by’Abanyekongo bahanganye ubwabo.

Ni nyuma y’aho ku wa Kane, ibitangazamakuru byatangaje imvugo y’umwe mu bagize Guverinoma ya RDC wumvikanye ashinja u Rwanda gushyigikira M23.

Yolande Makolo yagize ati: “Imirwano iri hagati ya FARDC na M23 intambara ihuje Abanyekongo. Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa RDC akwiye gusobanura impamvu FARDC yifatanyije n’Interahamwe/FDLR mu gutera ibisasu ku butaka bw’u Rwanda taliki ya 9 Werurwe no ku ya 23 Gicurasi 2022.”

Mu masaha y’igitondo cyo ku wa Mbere w’iki cyumweru, ni bwo ibisasu byaje bikurkiranye byaguye mu bice bitandukanye by’Umurenge wa Nyange n’uwa Kinigi mu Karere ka Musanze.

Makolo yakomeje agira ati: “Mu gihe Ubusabe bw’u Rwanda rusobanuza ku bitero byisubira bya FARDC ku butaka bw’u Rwanda bwumvikana, u Rwanda ntabwo rufite uruhare na mba mu mirwano ikomeje mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC kandi nta n’inyungu rufite yo kwivanga mu bibazo by’imbere muri RDC.” 

Yakomeje ashimangira ko u Rwanda rushaka gukorana neza n’ibihugu by’abaturanyi mu rwego rwo gushakira umuti urambye ibibazo by’umutekano byabaye akarande muke mu Karere.

Ati: “Ni yo mpamvu Ubuyobozi bw’Ingabo z’u Rwanda (RDF) bwasabye iperereza ryihuse rikozwe n’Itsinda ry’Ingabo z’Urwego rushinzwe kugenzura imipaka yo mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari (EJMV/Extended Joint Mechanism of Verification) ku bisasu byambutse umupaka bikagwa mu Karere ka Musanze n’aka Burera.”

Ibyo bisasu bivugwa ko byakomerekeje abasivili benshi b’inzirakarengane ndetse byangiza ibikorwa remezo n’indi mitungo y’abaturage.

Kuri ubu, Leta ya RDC yari yatangiye urugendo rwo gufatanya n’ibihugu by’Abaturanyi mu guhangana n’ibibazo by’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ibarizwa ku butaka bwayo ihungabanya umutekano mu Karere kose, biturutse ku bushake bwa Politiki bwa Perezida uyoboye ubu Felix Antoine Tshisekedi Tshilombo.

Muri uyu mwaka icyo gihugu cyiyemeje kwinjira mu Muryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirauba (EAC), bituma ibihugu by’Akarere by’umwihariko ibigirwaho ingaruka n’iyo mitwe mu byiyemeza gushyiraho Umutwe w’ingabo uhuriweho mu mugambi wo gutabara icyo gihugu no gukemura ikibazo cy’inyeshyamba cyaburiwe umuti urambye mu myaka mirongo ishize.