Umurongo w’Equator: Icyerekezo cy’Isi no Kubungabunga Biodiversity

Umurongo w’Equator ni umurongo w’ikirere uhuza isi ku gipimo cya latitude 0°, ugabanya isi mu bice bibiri: hemisphere ya ruguru n’iya ruguru. Nubwo utagaragara ku butaka mu buryo bw’umurongo nyawo, ingaruka zawo ku isi ziragaragara mu mikorere y’ikirere, ubutaka, amazi n’ubuzima bw’ibinyabuzima.

Amateka agaragaza ko abaturage bo ku Isi bari bazi aho igice cy’isi kiri, ariko uwavumbuye umurongo w’Equator mu buryo bw’inyandiko n’ubushakashatsi ku rwego mpuzamahanga ni umushakashatsi w’Umufaransa Charles Marie de La Condamine, mu myaka ya 1735–1744. Yakoze urugendo rurerure rugera muri Ekwador kugira ngo apime latitude y’isi, akoresheje ibikoresho byo gupima ubutaka n’ubushyuhe bw’ikirere.

Uru rugendo rwe rwari rugamije gusobanura neza uko isi ifite igipimo kimwe kandi neza mu buryo bw’imibare, kandi byafashije kumenya neza umurongo w’Equator. Pedro Vicente Maldonado, umushakashatsi w’Umunyaburayi wakoranye na La Condamine, nawe yagize uruhare runini mu gupima neza aho umurongo wambukiramo mu bihugu byo muri Amerika y’Epfo.

Uyu murongo unyura mu bihugu birenga icumi ku Isi, buri kimwe gifite imiterere yihariye:

• Muri Amerika y’Epfo: Ekwador, Kolombi, na
• Brazil.
• Muri Afurika: Gabon, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, Repubulika ya Congo, Uganda, Kenya, na Somalia.
• Muri Aziya n’ikirwa cya Indonesia: Ahantu hatandukanye mu nyanja n’ikirwa, harimo Sumatra, Borneo, na Sulawesi.

Aho uca hose, umurongo w’Equator uteza imbere ubushyuhe buhoraho n’imvura igwa kenshi, bigatanga ubutaka bukungahaye ku bimera n’inyamaswa. Ahantu umurongo unyura hategura amashyamba ya forest topical ni migezi n’ibiyaga

Umurongo w’Equator ugena ubushyuhe n’ikirere mu buryo bukomeye:

• Ubushyuhe buhoraho: Aho uca hose, ubushyuhe buhoraho buri hagati ya 25°C na 30°C kandi , bukora nk’imbaraga zo gukura imvura bityo kw’ibimera nabyo bikabasha gukura neza.
• Uko izuba rikora ku murongo w’Equator bituma habaho imvura igwa kenshi, bigateza imbere amashyamba ubutaka butunganyije neza n’imigezi yuzuye amazi.

Umurongo w’Equator kandi ugenzura uburyo umuyaga n’ibicu bigenzura ikirere mu turere twinshi. Ibi bituma habaho ihindagurika ry’ibihe rishimangira amazi, ubushyuhe n’imikurire y’ibimera, bityo ugatanga uruhare runini ku buzima bw’abantu n’ibinyabuzima ku isi.

Umurongo w’Equator ni nk’inkingi y’ubuzima ku Isi, ufite amateka akomeye y’ubushakashatsi n’ubuvumbuzi. Ahantu uca hose hategura amashyamba akungahaye n’ubutaka bwiza, bitanga ibiribwa, amazi n’ubuzima ku nyamaswa n’abantu. Uruhare rwe ku bushyuhe n’imvura bituma Isi igira ibidukikije byiza kandi bihumeka, bigasaba ko hamenyekana neza n’uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibi bisonga kamere by’Isi.

By: Florence Uwamaliya