Sobanukirwa amasezerano u Rwanda rwasinye y’ikoranabuhanga ribyaza ingufu za nucléaire amashanyarazi

U Rwanda rwasinyanye amasezerano n’Ikigo cyo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Holtec International, gikora ikoranabuhanga ryifashishwa mu kubyaza ingufu za nucléaire amashanyarazi.

Holtec International ikora Small Modular Reactors zifashishwa mu kubyaza ingufu za nucléaire amashanyarazi. Ni yo izaha u Rwanda izo mu bwoko bwa SMR-300 rushaka gukora.

Zigurishwa ari ebyiri (dual unit) aho imwe iba ifite ubushobozi bwo gutanga amashanyarazi nibura angana na MW340.

Holtec International ni ikigo cyigenga cyo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kizobereye gucunga inganda z’ingufu za nucléaire, gucunga imyanda yakoreshejwe muri izi nganda n’ibindi bijyana na zo.

Umuyobozi wa Rwanda Atomic Energy Board, Dr. Fidel Ndahayo, yavuze ko iyi ari intambwe ikomeye ishyira ihereze ku kazi kari kamaze iminsi gakorwa. Ati “ Holtec International iri gukora ikoranabuhanga rya small modular nuclear rizwi nka SMR-300.”

Yakomeje agira ati “Riracyari gukora, ariko riri hafi kurangira. Ariko u Rwanda ruzwi nk’igihugu cyakira ibitekerezo bishya. Rero duhaye ikaze ibitekerezo bishya, kandi twiteguye gutanga urubuga rwo kugeragereza mu Rwanda ibi bitekerezo.”

“U Rwanda rurashaka ko SMR ya mbere igomba kuba ikora nibura mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 2030. Rero ikoranabuhanga rizadufasha kugera kuri iyo ntego, niryo koranabuhanga dushaka, kandi turashaka gukorana na Holtec International kugira ngo twubake iryo koranabuhanga.”

Umuyobozi wa Holtec Europe, Rafael Marin, yavuze ko amasezerano yasinywe hagati ya Holtec n’u Rwanda, azatuma mu Rwanda hashyirwa SMR-300 zifite ubushobozi bwo kuba bwakwakira umuriro ungana na Kilowatt eshanu.

Holtec International ni sosiyete izobereye mu bijyanye no gukora ubushakashatsi no guhanga udushya mu bijyanye n’ingufu za nucléaire. Ni ikigo cyo muri Amerika kimaze gukora ibintu bitakozwe n’urundi rwego urwo ari rwo rwose ku Isi.

Holtec ni yo sosiyete ya mbere ku Isi yongeye kubyaza amashanyarazi uruganda rwari rwarafunzwe burundu, ikaba iri kubaka ikoranabuhanga ryifashishwa mu gushyushya amazi abyara amashanyarazi hifashishijwe ingufu za nucléaire.

Iyi sosiyete kandi yubatse conteneur za mbere ku Isi zifashishwa mu gutwara no kubika imyanda yangiza ibidukikije isohorwa n’uruganda rwa nucléaire. Nibura inganda 100 ku Isi zibyaza amashanyarazi ingufu za nucléaire zikoresha conteneur zakozwe n’iki kigo.

Undi mwihariko wayo, ni uko iyo uruganda rw’ingufu za nucléaire rufunzwe, biba bihenze kugira ngo rwongere gukora, kubera ikibazo giterwa “ radioactive”, ingufu zitaboneshwa amaso ziboneka iyo bamaze gushongesha ubutare bwa Uranium, bugatandukana ku kigero gito bishoboka, ku buryo intima (atome) zazo ziba zashengutse.

Izo ngufu zishobora gutera indwara zinyuranye mu gihe zidakumiriwe neza. Ibigo byinshi ku Isi iyo bigeze ku buryo bwo kwita kuri izi ngufu bibigendamo buhoro cyane iyo uruganda rufunze. Icyo Holtec ikora kidakorwa n’abandi ni ukugura inganda zafunzwe, ikazisukura, ndetse mu minsi ishize, bwa mbere mu mateka, Holtec yakoze igikorwa cyo kongera kubyaza amashanyarazi uruganda ruherereye ahitwa Palisades muri Leta ya Michigan. Nta wundi muntu wari warigeze abikora wundi mu mateka ya Amerika.

Ubusanzwe, inganda z’ingufu z’amashanyarazi zitwara igihe kugira ngo zubakwe, ariko Holtec ifite ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora ‘Small Modular Reactors’ nto zidahenze kandi zidatwara igihe.

Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) wazigereranya nk’uruganda rutanga ingufu za nucléaire rwubakiwe ahantu, mu zindi nganda, hanyuma rugaterurwa rugashyirwa aho rugomba gukorera.

Ubusanzwe uruganda nucléaire ruba ari ikintu kinini cyane ariko SMRs zo ari aba ari nto, ku buryo wayigereranya n’ingano y’ikigega. Uko wongera umubare w’ibyo bigega ni ko wongera n’ingano y’umuriro bishobora gutanga. SMRs imwe mu zo u Rwanda rushaka, ifite ubushobozi bwo gutanga megawatt 200 z’amashanyarazi, noneho zikaba enye.

Aho kubaka uruganda runini cyane rutanga megawatt 1000, igihugu gishobora guhitamo gutumiza reactors zifite ubushobozi butandukanye, ku buryo niba gikeneye kongeraho megawatt 100, gitumiza ifite ubwo bushobozi cyangwa se ifite Megawatt runaka bitewe n’izikenewe.

Reactors zikorwa na Holtec zirahendutse kurusha kuba wakubaka uruganda rwose.

Holtec itangaza ko u Rwanda rusabwa nibura hegitari 16 zizubakwaho uru ruganda. Ni uruganda rutanga amahitamo meza kurusha gukoresha uburyo bubyara amashanyarazi busanzwe burimo nk’amazi na nyiramugengeri kuko amazi hari ubwo aba make, nyiramugengeri nayo ikangiza ibidukikije.

Uko Reactors zikora

Urebeye kuri iyi foto, Reactors nto zikora mu buryo bworoshye kumvikana. Nk’uko twabivuze, wazigereranya n’ikigega. Igice kiri mu ibara ry’umuhondo, ni cyo gishyirwamo ubutare bwa Uranium, bugacanirwa.

Iyi foto igaragaza uburyo SMR zikora mu rugendo rwo gutanga amashanyarazi, uhereye ku gice cyo hasi gicanirwamo Uranium

Iyo niyo nzira ya mbere. Aho niho Uranium iba iri, umwuka ushyushye ugatuma itandukana kugeza ku ntima zayo (atome). Ibyo ni byo byitwa (fission), uko gutwika Uranium kurekura umwuka ushyushye ku kigero cyo hejuru, gusa nta mwotsi uba usohoka cyangwa se ibishashi.

Inzira ya kabiri, iri mu ibara ry’umutuku n’ubururu, yerekeranye n’inzira y’amazi. Iyo bamaze gutwika ya Uranium, ubushyuhe bwayo bujya mu mazi nayo agashyuha.

Icyo gihe amazi ashyushye azamuka hejuru hanyuma akonje akamanuka hasi. Gusa uko byagenda kose ntabwo amazi ajya arenga ya ngano ya cya kigega twavuze haruguru ahubwo akomeza kuzenguruka aho.

Inzira ya gatatu kugira ngo uyumve neza, yigereranye n’imbabura y’amashyiga abiri iteretseho amasafuriya abiri. Mu gice kimwe, amazi aba yahuye na Uranium akandura, ayo mazi aba arimo radioactive kandi ateza ibibazo bikomeye bishobora no gutuma umuntu apfa mu masegonda. Ntabwo ayo mazi aba agomba gusohoka muri Reactor cyane ko aba ashyushye.

Indi safuriya uyigereranye n’igice cyinjiyemo amazi meza, ayo mazi aba atigeze ahura na Uranium, nta kibazo na kimwe ateye. Ku ifoto ni yo safuriya iri iburyo muri abiri aboneka. Izo nzira cyangwa se ayo masafuriya abiri ni yo yitwa steam generator.

Inzira ya kane ni uko ya mazi avuye muri steam generator aba akomeza kugenza yizengutsamo inshuro nyinshi nk’uko n’ubusanzwe ku ngomero z’amashanyarazi amazi aba asuma, hanyuma akajya muri generateur itanga amashanyarazi.

Izo generateur ni zo ziba aho zitanga amashanyarazi ajya mu mapoto, akagera mu rugo rw’umuntu agacana amatara.

Uru rugendo rwose nta ngaruka ruteye, nta bibazo byarwo. Urebye muri rusange reactor iba ingana nibura na metero 1,8 ihagaze.

Iyo amashanyarazi abonetse, ikiba gisigaye ni uburyo bwo kwita ku myanda itangwa na Uranium. Reka tubishyire mu buzima busanzwe. Utemye igiti, uragicanye, gitanze umuriro, nyuma kivuyemo amakara hanyuma n’ivu. Iryo vu nyuma ujya kuri ya mashyiga yawe, ukaryarura ukajya kurijugunya.

Kuri ya Uranium, ya mazi arimo Radioactive ni yo myanda, arafatwa akabikwa ahantu nko mu mwobo ku buryo ahamara nk’imyaka iri hagati y’itanu n’icumi kugira ngo akonje.

Holtec International ni yo izagurisha u Rwanda Small Modular Reactors zizifashishwa mu kubyaza ingufu za nucléaire amashanyarazi

Umuyobozi wa Rwanda Atomic Energy Board, Dr. Fidel Ndahayo ari kumwe n’Umuyobozi wa Holtec Europe, Rafael Marin, nyuma y’isinywa ry’amasezerano

U Rwanda kandi rwasinyanye amasezerano y’ubufatanye na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika y’ibijyanye n’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu za nucléaire.

Ni amasezerano ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda yasinywe n’Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Dr. Usta Kaitesi hamwe Renee Sonderman, Umunyamabanga w’Agateganyo wungirije mu Biro bishinzwe kugenzura intwaro, ingaruka zazo n’imikoreshereze yazo mu Biro bishinzwe Ububanyi n’Amahanga bya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Aya masezerano y’ubufatanye arimo ingingo zishingiye ku gutanga ubumenyi ku banyeshuri b’Abanyarwanda bajya kwiga muri Amerika mu bijyanye n’ingufu za nucléaire, gutera inkunga ibikorwa bijyanye n’imishinga ya nucléaire n’izindi ngingo.

Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Usta Kaitesi ari kumwe na Renee Sonderman, Umunyamabanga w’Agateganyo wungirije mu Biro bishinzwe kugenzura intwaro, ingaruka zazo n’imikoreshereze yazo mu Biro bishinzwe Ububanyi n’Amahanga bya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika nyuma y’isinywa ry’amasezerano